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Power kite
A power kite or traction kite is a large kite designed to provide
significant pull. They come in two main forms: foils and leading
edge inflatables. There are also rigid-framed kites and soft single
skin kites. There are several different control systems used with
these kites which have two to five lines and a bar or handles.
Power kites are generally used in conjunction with a vehicle, such
as in
kite surfing (on a surfboard),
kite buggying (on a purpose-built 3-wheeled cart),
kite skating (on all-terrain roller skates),
snow kiting (on skis or snowboards),
kiteboarding (on an (All Terrain Board/Mountainboard/Landboard)
kite jumping, using a harnessed power kite for jumping tens of feet
above the ground
Kites of related design are used for sailing, including
speed-sailing. The world record in the early 1980s was reportedly
held by a kite-powered boat.
Power kites should be flown with caution, in clear safe areas, and
with the proper safety equipment. These kites are not only dangerous
to the user but also to other people in the vicinity. People flying
beyond their capabilities or in unsafe conditions can easily be
carried off in strong windy conditions, with the risk of collision
against water, buildings, terrain or power lines. Stationary
vertical objects are the most dangerous. Even in water, a helmet is
recommended when flying a power kite, because a gust can lift the
user very quickly, to great heights. On land, serious power kiters
use a full set of pads as well.
There are many sizes and makes of power kites as well, ranging
roughly from 1.5m² up to 23.5m². All kites are made for specific
purposes: some for water, land, power or manoeuvrability. Shops and
internet forums can help the new participant to choose the right
kite to avoid getting one that is too powerful for the level of
experience or for the intended purpose.
Even though power kites are considered an extreme sport, the sport
is aimed at almost everyone, as there are different skill levels for
every individual who decides to take up the sport. For beginners it
is recommended that you try out somekind of training programme that
some power kite shops and companies provide; this is very useful as
there is some level of trainnig required to really get you started
in your new sport.
Kite buggy
A kite buggy is a light, purpose-built
vehicle powered by a traction kite (power kite). It is single-seated
and has one steerable front wheel and two fixed rear wheels. The
driver sits in the seat located in the middle of the vehicle and
accelerates and slows down by applying steering manoeuvres in
coordination with flying manoeuvres of the kite. This activity is
called kite buggying.
The speed achieved in kite buggies by skilled drivers can range up
to around 110 km/h (70 mph), hence protective clothing, including a
safety helmet, is commonly worn.
The invention of the kite buggy is generally attributed to Peter
Lynn of New Zealand. He built and used the first kite buggies in
the early 1990s.
In harnessing the wind as power source kite buggying is similar to
land yachting, windsurfing or even yachting. Therefore much of its
terminology and technique has been adopted from these activities.
Kite buggies are classified as Class 8 Land Yachts and kite buggying
competitions are often based on established land yachting
guidelines.
Details, Steering, Seat
The kite buggy's rear wheels are mounted
at the ends of the rear axle. The front wheel is mounted in the
front fork. In advanced buggy designs either or both front and rear
wheels can be attached via suspension mechanisms.
The front fork is not unlike a bicycle's fork apart from proportions
and the fact that there is no handle bar at the top. Instead there
are two foot rests sticking out on the left and right of it,
attached to the fork very low down, near where the wheel is mounted.
These foot rests have two main purposes:
* they allow the pilot to easily steer the buggy. Pushing the left
foot forward will turn the front wheel to the right, pushing the
right foot forward will turn the front wheel to the left.
* they allow the pilot to lodge himself tightly into the seat so he
is not pulled out of the buggy by the kite.
Foot rests can be fitted with foot straps and grip tape to prevent
the feet from sliding off the rests during extreme buggying action.
Foot straps are not recommended for beginners, due to the possiblity
that they will not be able to remove their feet from the pegs if the
buggy flips over and therefore risk breaking their ankles.
The seat of the buggy is a bucket style seat giving the driver good
side and back support. This is necessary as the driver has to
transfer the force of the used traction kite into the buggy.
Power
and Braking
The buggy is powered by a traction kite,
controlled by the pilot. The traction kite is normally not directly
attached to the buggy. Instead it is—through its lines and
handles—either held by the pilot or attached to the pilot by a
harness and strop line. The kite is used to accelerate the buggy and
also assists in braking.
The buggy itself does not have any dedicated braking system that
would apply a braking force directly to the wheels. Instead, rapidly
stopping the buggy requires the pilot to perform the following:
* taking the kite out of the power zone (the area of sky where the
kite delivers most of its power) such that it flies overhead the
pilot and stops pulling horizontally; this is usually preceded by
turning the kite around and briefly flying it against the direction
of the buggy to assist
* performing a tight 180°-turn of the buggy, often involving
sideways sliding action to stop it.
With some practice the buggy can thus be halted out of considerable
speed within a few metres.
Frame,
Wheels and Weight
The geometry and measurements of a buggy's
frame determine what kind of buggying activities it is best suited
for.
Longer buggies are generally more stable on a straight line whereas
shorter buggies tend to be more nimble when cornering. A wider rear
axle will make the buggy more resistant against accidentally
toppling over. However, intentional trick riding, e.g. on only two
wheels (the front and one of the rear wheels), is more difficult.
Rear axles will generally be in the range of about 1.0 to 1.5 metres.
Shorter or longer measures are possible for more extreme
applications.
Possible styles of wheels vary from very thin (like a speed-sail's
wheels) over standard size (like a wheelbarrow's) to very large,
also known as "big foot". The used wheels will in no case expose
bare spokes (like bicycle wheels do) to protect the buggy driver's
hands and kite handles from getting caught.
The different types of wheels are used in different terrain
conditions and buggying activities. Here a few examples:
* thin rim wheel: best used on very firm ground; activities: race
and speed buggying
* standard size wheel: best used on very to moderately firm sand,
not too bumpy fields; activities: general buggying, trick buggying
* big foot: best used on beaches of any kind, fields, even if uneven
and bumpy; activities: general buggying, trick buggying, racing
The buggy's (and pilot's) mass has a considerable impact on its
handling. A very light buggy is more agile and quicker to manoeuvre.
A heavier buggy does not slide sideways as easily, enabling it to
transfer higher lateral kite forces into the ground via friction.
This allows the use of higher powered kites which can propel the
buggy to higher speeds.
To increase the usable kite force, a buggy can be equipped with
additional weights. These weights will be attached to the buggy as
low down as possible to keep the overall centre of gravity low. Also
possible is filling some of the buggy frame's usually hollow tubes
with a dense substance such as lead.
Tandem
Configurations
Some buggies allow for attaching a second
buggy using a specialized kind of trailer coupling.
Buggies joined up like this can be powered by a single kite
controlled by the pilot in the first buggy. This allows the
passenger in the second buggy to be simply pulled along passively.
Alternatively, a tandem kite configuration can be flown where both
front and rear buggy pilots steer a separate and independent kite
each. This requires very skilled pilots and good communication
between them.
Extensions,
Custom Designs
In addition to the traditional 3-wheeled
buggy there are designs applying 4 wheels—with a more complex
steering mechanism. Even 2-wheeled buggies exist—with only one
single wheel at the back instead of the common 2-wheel rear axle.
Some buggies can be equipped with ice skating blades replacing the
wheels for use on ice or cut-down skis for use on snow.
Buggy
Jumping
One of the more extreme manifestations of the sport is buggy
jumping. This involves the pilot being physically attached—which is
not the case for the other, more moderate kite buggying
activities—to the buggy by means of a lap belt and the use of
relatively large kites.
The pilot flies the kite overhead to generate maximum lift and is
then—with the buggy—hoisted up to tens of feet into the air. Very
advanced pilots including Rob Hills, Mark Everitt, SyLenz and the
pretender to the crown Stupid Dave even perform aerial manoeuvres
such as 360° (or more) spins, sidewinders, pendulum swings and
reverse landings.
Safety
Kite buggying and other traction kite activities can be classified
as extreme sports. Wind is the only power source and is often very
unpredictable. An attitude of caution and respect towards the wind
is essential, for the novice just as well as the advanced pilot.
Common advice is to start with a relatively small kite in relatively
low wind conditions (e.g. 2 to 3 m² kites in winds of force 2 to 3
bft) and progress to bigger kites or higher wind conditions as
ability improves. Novices should first achieve and practice full
control over their kite before considering the next step, the actual
kite buggying.
Care and common sense should be taken to ensure the rider is not
flying a kite too large for the wind conditions so that they are
'overpowered'. If flying a kite too large for the current wind, the
pilot will likely be constantly pulled downwind, often skidding and
sliding sideways and the buggy will be hard to control. If the pilot
is unable to turn up unto the wind because the kite is producing too
much pull downwind, then the buggy is 'overpowered'. In this case a
smaller kite should be flown to ensure the pilot has sensible (and
useful) control of the kite and buggy.
Performing the sport, the kite buggy pilot has to always act
responsibly and make sure to not harm bystanders or cause damage to
the environment or property. Choosing a kiting location with enough
space is crucial for this.
All possible safety precautions should be taken: protective clothing
and an adequate helmet are a must. Helmets to be considered are
downhill mountain bike helmets with chin guard (light, well
ventilated, good field of vision) or paragliding helmets (light,
relatively well ventilated, good field of vision). True motorbike
helmets are often considered less suitable as they are relatively
heavy and the field of vision can be impaired (when kite buggying,
both the kite itself and the terrain around the buggy should be
easily visible).
Pilots are encouraged to obtain 3rd party liability insurance as
there is a risk of coming into contact with bystanders or each
other. Such insurance is available through the various national and
regional organisations like the South and West Association of
Traction Kiting (SWATK) , the British Power Kitesports Association (BPKA)
, or the Power Kite Sport Federation (PKSF).
Responsible shops should strongly discourage newcomers from buying
very powerful kites without instruction. They should also offer or
help organising tuition for novice pilots, ideally through PKSF-accredited
instructors.
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